Fwd: stpa - week 5- morality and public admin

日期: 2013年9月30日
收件人: CHAN CHEUK WAH <cwchan@ipm.edu.mo>
標題: stpa - week 5- morality and public admin

morality and public amdin

five perspectives

a/ utilitariansim -- utility, majority, see the good quantified outcomes,
benefits for majority as an end for moral action

b/ Kant's virtue of life, freedom, dignity, obligation, end-in-itself and morality of humans;
honesty as essential and for all conditions;
life as an end in itself - could not be sacrified for any reason -- unless voluntary for saving the nation;
value of life could not be quantified;

c/ liberalism -- individual freedom as essential value, mutual consent, free as I want , life control by myself, self-interest;
government and institutions as monster,
i have the right to keep my wealth; i have the right to be free from so many rules and regulations -- e.g. safety belt regulation;
euthanasia; legal or not ?
cannibalism;
surrogacy;
mercenary;
prostitution;

baby or life as a goods ?


d/ social justice -- Rawls -- veil of ignorance
no one would want to be the minority [be sacrified] -- utilitarian condition is not so good;
no one would like to be the loser in a free market -- liberalism is not so kind to the weak;

basic social welfare and education for all;
differential treatments

inborn talents are a common good -- share some of your talent to others.


e/ communitarism
you belong to a nation/community
duty and benefit
no man is an island

heritage
inherit, succeed wisdom and wealth
value and knowledge

responsibility to the family, community, ethic group, nation, the world.

/////


Immanuel Kant
enlightenment, 18th century

what is the freedom of human beings ?

self-autonomy, self-discipline

what is the difference between human and animals ?
seek joy and avoid pain

free from desire and materialistic logics

free to do the right things

moral value as internal element

the virtue -- courage, consistence, self-control, honesty, integrity, respect the life of beings, mean/temperance/balance;
no indulgence;

behave in according to obligation as the end -- not instrumental , not as a means

no killing, no stealing, no lies, keep your promise, help the weak;

base on Reason, rationality, uniform across all humans;

self-initiated obilgations -- conscience

do not deceive others

do not give up your own life

do help those in need

do develop yourself

//

categorical imperative - obligation order -- as an end in itself -- e.g. love your wife
authentic morality

hypothetical imperative -- good behaviour as a means for some purposes

moral obligations -- apply to all human taking actions and without leading to contradiction ;
e.g. stealing
e.g. gambling

well being for the whole society

//

moral as respect -- life as an end-in-itself
life has an internal value

e.g. see the doctor for medical treatment -- doctor as a means for your health condition -- with the consent of doctor -- fine, moral;

ask  the doctor to write sick leave certificate [but you are not sick] -- wrong -- you treat the doctor as a means for your bad motive , and a good doctor would not do that ;

//

Kant's notion of morality -- rationalism

utilitarianism -- empiricism/ experientialism

Kant -- moral behaviours depend on motives, not the consequences;


//////


From - 陳卓華博士/Dr. Sunny Chan
Cwchan@ipm.edu.mo